Level AAWCAG 2.2
2.4.5 Multiple Ways
More than one way is available to locate a web page within a set of web pages.
Why it matters
Cognitive disabilities
Users who struggle with hierarchical navigation can reach the target page directly through search.
Screen readers
Search or a site map can be more efficient than a complex menu for finding pages.
Low vision
Complex navigation structures are hard to grasp under magnification. Search is a reliable alternative.
All users
Preferred navigation methods vary. Multiple ways improve usability for everyone.
Live demo
Ways to reach a page
Compare the ways a user can reach the "Help" page.
Online store
Help page
Contains FAQs and contact options.
Comparison of navigation methods:
Navigation
Site search (not provided)
Sitemap (not provided)
Breadcrumbs (not provided)
Navigation only — there is just one way to reach the page
Different users prefer different navigation methods. Some want to search, some want to follow the hierarchy, and others want to scan a sitemap. Multiple paths support more people.
Understanding through personas
Takahashi (62) — Mild cognitive impairment
When menus are deeply nested I lose track of where I am. With a search box I can simply type 'return policy'. A site map also helps me see the big picture, which reassures me.
Checkpoints
References
→ Related: 2.4.1 Bypass Blocks